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Design and Applications of Mechanical Components/Power Transmission Systems

Lubrication, Part 1

Course #: 286091
Duration: 10 hours
What Students Learn: Preview
Since the development of machinery, there has been a war against friction. Friction causes machinery to vibrate excessively, sound louder, use more energy to do a given job, and, most importantly, wear out faster. To counter friction, lubricants have been developed.

Lubricants were once basic animal fats and plant oils used on simple machines. Today's lubricants are chemical compositions specially designed for specific types of machines and their work environment. There are now hundreds of types of oils and grease to select from, each tailored specifically for the machine or an individual component of any given machine.

This study unit is designed to give students the information they need to understand how lubricants are blended into these very special compounds and how they are selected for various applications.

Objectives
When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

  • Describe the various types of friction.
  • Discuss how materials wear.
  • List the various functions lubricants perform in industry.
  • Explain how lubricants reduce friction.
  • Classify lubricants depending upon their composition, properties, and additives.
  • Understand why certain lubricants are chosen for certain tasks.
  • Explain how to safely handle and store lubricants.

    Contents
    Friction and Wear; The Purpose of Lubricants; How Lubricants are Classified; How Lubricants Work; Proper Lubricant Selection; Handling and Storing Lubricants Safely.

    Special Notes: This updated course replaces 2531A.

  • Lubrication, Part 2

    Course #: 286092
    Duration: 10 hours
    What Students Learn: Preview
    Lubricating equipment is one of the most important industrial maintenance activities performed. Lubricants reduce friction, which saves on energy costs. They reduce wear, which saves on equipment maintenance costs. Proper lubrication significantly reduces machine downtime resulting from broken or worn out components. In addition, proper lubricating practices help keep a machine in tolerance for a longer period of time.

    In today's world of twenty-four-hour-a-day, seven-days-a-week, plant operation, the role of lubrication takes on even greater importance. Equipment must be lubricated on a timely schedule, in the proper amounts, and with the correct lubricants to sustain long work cycles between planned shutdowns. This study unit will show you how to properly apply lubrication and maintain lubrication systems.

    Objectives
    When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

  • Explain how to manually apply various types of lubricants in an industrial environment.
  • Describe total-loss lubrication.
  • Identify a nonloss lubrication system's components and describe their operation.
  • Explain how to maintain a nonloss lubrication system.
  • Identify the proper lubrication procedures to use for special industrial applications including sealed bearings, oil-impregnated bearings and food-processing plants.
  • Explain how lubricant-conditioning systems work and how to maintain them.
  • Describe how automatic lubrication systems work and how to maintain them.
  • List the tasks involved in preventive and predictive lubrication maintenance.

    Contents
    Manual Methods of Lubrication; Lubricating Total-Loss Systems; Nonloss Lubrication Systems; Lubrication in Special Environments; Lubrication Conditioning; Automatic Lubrication Systems; Preventive and Predictive Lubrication Maintenance.

    Special Notes: This updated course replaces 2531B.

  • Link Mechanisms

    Course #: 2603
    Duration: 10 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Engineering Mechanics, Part 4 (286039); Engineering Mechanics, Part 1 (286036); Engineering Mechanics, Part 2 (286037); Engineering Mechanics, Part 3 (286038); Elementary Mechanical Drawing (5434);
    What Students Learn: Definition of Terms; Plane Motion of a Rigid Body; Levers; Linkages; Quick-Return Mechanism; Straight Line and Parallel Motions; Kinematics of Link Mechanisms; Graphical Determination of Velocity; Graphical Determination of Acceleration; Kinematic Analysis.

    Gearing

    Course #: 2446
    Duration: 10 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Engineering Mechanics, Part 4 (286039); Engineering Mechanics, Part 1 (286036); Engineering Mechanics, Part 2 (286037); Engineering Mechanics, Part 3 (286038);
    What Students Learn: Rolling Curves and Surfaces; Spur Gearing; Proportions of Gear Teeth; Calculations of Spur Gears; Involute Systems; Cycloidal or Rolled-Curve System; Construction of Tooth Profiles; Helical Gearings; Spiral or Screw Gearings; Worms and Worm Gears; Bevel and Spiral Bevel Gears; Gear Cutting; Milling; Straight Hobs; Taper Hobs; Gear Finishing.

    Gear Trains

    Course #: 2604
    Duration: 10 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Gearing (2446); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
    What Students Learn: Use of Trains; Velocity Ratio of Train Gears; Compound Gearing; Speed Change Gearing; Epicyclic Gears; Planetary Gear Trains; Reversing Mechanism; Ratchet Mechanisms.

    Cams

    Course #: 2605
    Duration: 10 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Plane Trigonometry (2309A-B); Elementary Mechanical Drawing (5434);
    What Students Learn: General Classification; Uses of Cams; Types of Cams; Fundamentals of Cam Motion; Basic Curves; Combination Curves; Cam Size Determination; Cam Profiles by Calculation.

    Mechanical Power Transmission

    Course #: 286015
    Duration: 10 hours
    What Students Learn: Gears and Enclosed Gear Drives; Electric Motors; Maintenance of Gearing; Precision Chains and Chain Drives; Belt Drives; Correction for Shaft Misalignment; Clutches; Application Considerations for Mechanical Power Transmission.

    Special Notes: This updated course replaces course 2606.

    Belt Power Transmission

    Course #: 2607A-B
    Duration: 20 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
    What Students Learn: PART 1 (2607A). General Considerations on Belt Drives; Basic Theory of Belt Power Transmission; Types of Belt Drives; Application of V-Belt Drives; Application of Flat Belt Drives; Belt Drive Installation and Maintenance; Appendix.
    PART 2 (2607B). Application of Special Belt Drives; Additional Considerations in Belt Drive Applications; New Developments in Belt Drives.

    Jigs and Fixtures

    Course #: 5099
    Duration: 10 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Basic Machining Skills (Block X08);
    What Students Learn: Types of Jigs; Examples of Jigs; Jig Parts and Accessories; Bushings; Jig Covers and Clamps; Miscellaneous Details of Jigs; Fixtures; Common Vise Fixture; Special Vise Fixture; Bolted Fixture: Combination Jig and Fixture; Trunnion Fixture; Roller Fixture; Broaching Fixture.

    Fundamentals of Tool Design

    Course #: 3535A-G
    Duration: 70 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Plane Trigonometry (2309A-B); Principles of Mechanics, Part 1 (286007); Principles of Mechanics, Part 2 (286008); Logarithms (5254); Properties of Materials (686005); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
    What Students Learn: PART 1 (3535A). Design of Material-Cutting Tools; Single-Point Tools; Basic Principles of Multiple-Point Tools; Linear-Travel Tools; Axial-Feed Rotary Tools; Control of the Causes of Tool Wear and Failure.
    PART 2 (3535B). Workholding Devices; Elements and Types of Fixture Design; Evolution of Workholders; Fixture Design Summary.
    PART 3 (3535C). Design of Pressworking Tools; Power Presses; Cutting (Shearing) Operations; Types of Die-Cutting Operations; Piercing-Die Design; Blanking-Die Design; Compound-Die Design; Scrap-Strip Layout for Blanking; Commercial Die Sets; Evolution of a Blanking Die; Evolution of a Progressive Blanking Die.
    PART 4 (3535D). Bending Dies; Forming Dies; Drawing Dies; Evolution of a Draw Die; Progressive Dies; Selection of Progressive Dies; Strip Development for Progressive Dies; Evolution of a Progressive Die; Examples of Progressive Dies; Extrusion Dies; Tool Design for Forging; The Forging Process; Forging Design; Drop Forging Dies and Auxiliary Tools; Upset or Forging Machine Dies.
    PART 5 (3535E). Design of Tools for Inspection and Gaging; Workpiece Quality Criteria; Basic Principles of Gaging; Gage Types and Applications; Amplification and Magnification of Error; Gaging Positionally Toleranced Parts.
    PART 6 (3535F). Tool Design for the Joining Process; Tooling for Physical Joining Processes; Tooling for Soldering and Brazing; Tooling for Mechanical Joining Processes; Tooling for Casting; Sand Casting; Shell Mold Casting; Metal Mold Casting; Die Casting.
    PART 7 (3535G). General Considerations in Tool Design; Safety as Related to Tool Design; Tool Materials; Heat-Treating; Surface Roughness; Fits and Tolerances; Tooling Economics; Material Handling at the Workplace; Rules for Good Design.

    Special Notes: Covers subject at an advanced, in-depth level.

    Gear Making

    Course #: 5532A-B
    Duration: 20 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Gear Calculations (2243); Plane Trigonometry (2309A-B); Milling Machines, Part 1 (386006); Milling Machines, Part 2 (386007); Milling Machines, Part 3 (386008); Milling Machine Practice (386009); Milling Machine Indexing and Spiral Work (386014); Practical Measurements (Block X22);
    What Students Learn: PART 1 (5532A). Processes; Cutters; Tooth Dimensions; Milling Spur Gear; Helical Gears; Bevel Gears; Worm Gears; Internal Gears; Planning; Generating; Herringbone Gears.
    PART 2 (5532B). Hobbing; Spiral Bevels; Hypoids; Gear Finishing; Rack Shaving; Rotary Shaving; Curve Shaving; Burnishing; Lapping; Grinding; Gear Inspection; Gear Materials; Heat Treatment; Flame Hardening.

    Servomechanisms

    Course #: 2028A-B
    Duration: 20 hours
    Course Prerequisites: AC Principles (Block A22); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24);
    What Students Learn: PART 1 (2028A). Basic Concepts of Automatic Control Systems and Servomechanisms, Electric and Hydraulic Servo Motors and Drive Systems; Types of Servo Amplifiers; Characteristics of DC Servo Motors; Feedback Devices, such as Potentiometers, Synchros, and Resolvers; Error Detectors; Operational Amplifiers; Performance Criteria for Servo Systems.
    PART 2 (2028B). Introduction to Machines Controlled by Servos; Types of Control Operations; Performance Requirements for the Basic Applications; Drive Systems, including Input, Feedback, and Amplifying Elements; Servo Errors, Gain, Stability, Accuracy, and Linearity Requirements and Limitations; Testing and Adjusting Servos.

    Special Notes: Covers subject at an advanced, in-depth level.

    Predictive Maintenance

    Course #: 286087
    Duration: 5 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Trades Safety: Getting Started (186001); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21); Practical Measurements (Block X22);
    What Students Learn: Preview
    Predictive technologies measure one or more characteristics of machine operation, calculate the expected life of the monitored system, and then estimate the condition of equipment and, therefore, the need for maintenance on that equipment. With this information passed along to a good preventive maintenance program, the preventive maintenance team can make informed decisions on task scheduling and make the most of its maintenance and inspection tasks.

    Vibration analysis programs are the most commonly conducted PDM efforts. By performing inspection and repairs during downtime, uptime failures of the analyzed components are all but eliminated. PDM is more than vibration analysis, however; multiple technologies, such as infrared thermography, balance, alignment, and electrical signature analysis are part of many PDM programs. Because of these technologies, plants run better and are more competitive. PDM allows maintenance departments to predict when a unit will fail and plan its maintenance during a scheduled downtime, usually when the unit is cooler, cleaner, and not needed for the manufacturing process.

    Objectives
    When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

  • Define what PDM is and how it can be used in industry.
  • Identify the various types of technologies used in PDM.
  • Explain what goals should be considered for a new and a maturing PDM program.
  • Discuss the scope of basic mechanical PDM.
  • Explain how a time waveform and a frequency spectrum can be used to identify machine faults.

    Contents
    What Is Predictive Maintenance?; Predictive Maintenance Program Goals; Basic Mechanical Predictive Maintenance; Forms Of PDM Data.

  • Predictive Maintenance: Vibration Analysis

    Course #: 286088
    Duration: 5 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Trades Safety: Getting Started (186001); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21); Practical Measurements (Block X22);
    What Students Learn: Preview
    When a company decides to begin a predictive maintenance (PDM) program, the first technology usually embraced is vibration analysis. Vibration analysis allows the technicians or other specially trained personnel to perform condition monitoring of equipment. Condition monitoring is used at first as a coarse comb to pull out those programs that will imminently cause downtime. Then the program can progress beyond condition monitoring to provide scheduling services for preventive maintenance and identification of redesigns that address repetitive faults.

    This study unit will show you the basics of vibration analysis as performed with a data collector and a computer software program. These devices will be used to collect vibration measurement data and to store and display the results.

    Objectives
    When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

  • Explain how vibration measurements are taken and the systems used to identify measurement points.
  • Identify balance, looseness, and misalignment problems.
  • Discuss the techniques used to diagnose rolling-element bearing faults.
  • Explain how journal bearing condition monitoring and fault analysis is performed.
  • Identify speed reducer faults that occur in the gear sets or the internal bearings.
  • Describe how resonance can affect the operation of equipment.

    Contents
    Vibration Measurements; Analyzing Balance And Looseness Problems; Misalignment Of Inline And Overhung Drive Systems; Analyzing Rolling-Element Bearing Systems; Condition Monitoring Of Journal Bearings; Condition Monitoring Of Speed Reducers; Resonance.

  • Predictive Maintenance: Advanced Topics

    Course #: 286089
    Duration: 5 hours
    Course Prerequisites: Trades Safety: Getting Started (186001); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21); Practical Measurements (Block X22);
    What Students Learn: Preview
    Vibration analysis alone cannot perform sufficient condition monitoring to meet the needs of today's industry. Vibration analysis cannot easily find electrical faults, air leaks, electrical discharges, metal particles or contamination and breakdown of lubricants, or other important monitoring processes. Other technologies are needed for these tasks. This study unit will introduce you to these other technologies.
    In this study unit, we will investigate many different technologies that can and should often be part of a good predictive maintenance program (PDM). This course is designed to discuss these technologies at a basic level. If you're considering working with one of these technologies, it's very important to understand how to operate the equipment involved and to gain additional equipment training from the manufacturer. These actions will provide you with a safe and profitable expanded PDM program.

    Objectives
    When a student complete this study unit, he and she will be able to:

  • Explain the steps involved in performing balance and alignment on industrial machines.
  • Discuss the use and operation of ultrasonic equipment to find problems such as electrical arcing, bearing faults, and internal and external air leaks in pneumatic systems.
  • Describe the procedures used in electrical signature analysis (ESA) and how this inspection system can find motor problems.
  • Explain how oil analysis can find lubricant problems and contamination.
  • Describe how thermography can be used in a PDM environment.

    Contents
    Modern Balance And Alignment; Ultrasonic Testing; Electrical Signature Analysis; Oil Analysis; Infrared Thermography.

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